Cosmetic surgery: Difference between revisions
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====Rule of Authority (Qa'ida al-Taslit)==== | ====Rule of Authority (Qa'ida al-Taslit)==== | ||
According to the [[Rule of Authority]] (the validity of which jurists have established based on the Quran, narrations, the practice of the wise, and consensus), every owner has complete authority over their property,<ref>Mohaqqeq Damad, *Qawa'id-i Fiqh*, vol. 1, p. 227.</ref> and some jurists like [[ | According to the [[Rule of Authority]] (the validity of which jurists have established based on the Quran, narrations, the practice of the wise, and consensus), every owner has complete authority over their property,<ref>Mohaqqeq Damad, *Qawa'id-i Fiqh*, vol. 1, p. 227.</ref> and some jurists like [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini]] and [[Mohammad Momen Qomi|Momen Qomi]] have extended this rule to rights and persons, and have also included a person's authority over themselves and their body parts under this rule.<ref>Khomeini, *Kitab al-Bay'*, vol. 1, pp. 41-42; Momen Qomi, *Kalimat-i Sadidah*, pp. 163-164.</ref> Based on this, in the absence of a religious prohibition, a person can make dispositions regarding their body and undergo cosmetic surgery for themselves.<ref>Safati and Kazemi, "Cosmetic Surgery from the Perspective of Jurisprudence," pp. 27-28.</ref> | ||
===The Theory of Prohibition as a Primary Ruling=== | ===The Theory of Prohibition as a Primary Ruling=== | ||
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Naser Makarem Shirazi, pointing out that it might be thought that cosmetic surgery is problematic based on the impermissibility of making dispositions in God's property, has criticized this view. According to this view, on one hand, cosmetic surgery is a form of disposition of the body—which is God's property—and on the other hand, no permission has been given for this type of disposition; therefore, cosmetic surgery is not permissible.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> | Naser Makarem Shirazi, pointing out that it might be thought that cosmetic surgery is problematic based on the impermissibility of making dispositions in God's property, has criticized this view. According to this view, on one hand, cosmetic surgery is a form of disposition of the body—which is God's property—and on the other hand, no permission has been given for this type of disposition; therefore, cosmetic surgery is not permissible.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> | ||
According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]], | According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]], God has created all beings on earth for humanity, and humans can make dispositions in them, unless there is a religious prohibition against such disposition.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> Secondly, even assuming that everything, including the human body, is God's property and one should not dispose of it without His permission, permission for this disposition has been granted by the Lawgiver according to the religious rule "Everything is lawful for you until you know for certain that it is forbidden."<ref>Kulayni, *Al-Kafi*, vol. 10, p. 542.</ref><ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132; Rajaei al-Musawi, *Minhaj al-Usul*, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> According to this rule, since we have no knowledge of the prohibition of cosmetic surgery, this act is ruled as permissible and lawful. | ||
==Cosmetic Surgery from the Perspective of a Secondary Ruling== | ==Cosmetic Surgery from the Perspective of a Secondary Ruling== | ||