Cosmetic surgery

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Naser Makarem Shirazi, pointing out that it might be thought that cosmetic surgery is problematic based on the impermissibility of making dispositions in God's property, has criticized this view. According to this view, on one hand, cosmetic surgery is a form of disposition of the body—which is God's property—and on the other hand, no permission has been given for this type of disposition; therefore, cosmetic surgery is not permissible.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref>

According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]],~~{{Note|"He is the One who created for you all that is on the earth."}}~~ God has created all beings on earth for humanity, and humans can make dispositions in them, unless there is a religious prohibition against such disposition.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> Secondly, even assuming that everything, including the human body, is God's property and one should not dispose of it without His permission, permission for this disposition has been granted by the Lawgiver according to the religious rule "Everything is lawful for you until you know for certain that it is forbidden."<ref>Kulayni, *Al-Kafi*, vol. 10, p. 542.</ref><ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132; Rajaei al-Musawi, *Minhaj al-Usul*, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> According to this rule, since we have no knowledge of the prohibition of cosmetic surgery, this act is ruled as permissible and lawful.

According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]], God has created all beings on earth for humanity, and humans can make dispositions in them, unless there is a religious prohibition against such disposition.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> Secondly, even assuming that everything, including the human body, is God's property and one should not dispose of it without His permission, permission for this disposition has been granted by the Lawgiver according to the religious rule "Everything is lawful for you until you know for certain that it is forbidden."<ref>Kulayni, *Al-Kafi*, vol. 10, p. 542.</ref><ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132; Rajaei al-Musawi, *Minhaj al-Usul*, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> According to this rule, since we have no knowledge of the prohibition of cosmetic surgery, this act is ruled as permissible and lawful.

==Cosmetic Surgery from the Perspective of a Secondary Ruling==

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 Naser Makarem Shirazi, pointing out that it might be thought that cosmetic surgery is problematic based on the impermissibility of making dispositions in God's property, has criticized this view. According to this view, on one hand, cosmetic surgery is a form of disposition of the body—which is God's property—and on the other hand, no permission has been given for this type of disposition; therefore, cosmetic surgery is not permissible.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref>
-According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]],{{Note|"He is the One who created for you all that is on the earth."}} God has created all beings on earth for humanity, and humans can make dispositions in them, unless there is a religious prohibition against such disposition.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> Secondly, even assuming that everything, including the human body, is God's property and one should not dispose of it without His permission, permission for this disposition has been granted by the Lawgiver according to the religious rule "Everything is lawful for you until you know for certain that it is forbidden."<ref>Kulayni, *Al-Kafi*, vol. 10, p. 542.</ref><ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132; Rajaei al-Musawi, *Minhaj al-Usul*, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> According to this rule, since we have no knowledge of the prohibition of cosmetic surgery, this act is ruled as permissible and lawful.
+According to Makarem Shirazi, firstly, considering [[Quran 2:29]], God has created all beings on earth for humanity, and humans can make dispositions in them, unless there is a religious prohibition against such disposition.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132.</ref> Secondly, even assuming that everything, including the human body, is God's property and one should not dispose of it without His permission, permission for this disposition has been granted by the Lawgiver according to the religious rule "Everything is lawful for you until you know for certain that it is forbidden."<ref>Kulayni, *Al-Kafi*, vol. 10, p. 542.</ref><ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Kitab al-Nikah*, vol. 2, p. 132; Rajaei al-Musawi, *Minhaj al-Usul*, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> According to this rule, since we have no knowledge of the prohibition of cosmetic surgery, this act is ruled as permissible and lawful.
 ==Cosmetic Surgery from the Perspective of a Secondary Ruling==

Cosmetic surgery: Difference between revisions