Treating women as awra: Difference between revisions

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=== Prohibition against Assuming the Marja‘iyya and Judgeship ===
=== Prohibition against Assuming the Marja‘iyya and Judgeship ===
Another consequence of regarding women as awra is the impermissibility of their assuming social and religious offices that require presence in society. The jurisprudential argument is based on the question of how a person described as “awra” and commanded to be concealed can assume responsibility for issuing fatwas, the marja‘iyya, and judgeship. These matters intrinsically require meeting people and responding to emerging events, and such a status is incompatible with the condition envisioned for women—absolute concealment.<ref>Safi Golpayegani, Dhakhirat al-‘Uqba, vol. 1, pp. 123-124.</ref>
Another result of treating women as awra is that it prohibits them from holding social and religious positions that necessitate their participation in society. It has been argued that how can a person take on duty of  issuing fatwas, the marja‘iyya, and judgeship while being labeled as “awra” and instructed to be hidden. These activities inevitably require meeting people and addressing issues have been arised, and such a position is incompatible with the entire concealment obligation for women.<ref>Safi Golpayegani, Dhakhirat al-‘Uqba, vol. 1, pp. 123-124.</ref>


=== Prohibition of Singing ===
=== Prohibition of Singing ===
Some jurists have extended the scope of awra to the voice as well. According to them, being awra entails the “obligation of concealment,” and the form of such concealment varies according to its object: just as the body must be concealed from sight, the voice must also be concealed from the hearing of an unrelated man. Therefore, irrespective of the prohibition of [[ghina]], the very act of [[Women’s Singing|making one’s voice audible to men]] (isma‘ al-sawt) becomes prohibited because a woman is awra.<ref>Eshtahardi, Madarik al-Urwa, vol. 15, p. 128.</ref>
Some jurists broadened the definition of awra to include the voice too. According to them, being awra entails the “obligation of concealment,” and the manner of this concealment differs depending on its object: just as the body needs to be concealed from Non-Mahram's eyes, the voice must also be concealed from Non-Mahram's ears. Therefore, regardless of the prohibition of [[ghina]], the very act of [[Women’s Singing|letting men hear the sound]] (isma‘ al-sawt) will be prohibited because a woman is awra.<ref>Eshtahardi, Madarik al-Urwa, vol. 15, p. 128.</ref>


== Predominant View of Jurists: Woman as Awra ==
== Predominant View of Jurists: Woman as Awra ==