Essentials of Political Jurisprudence (Book): Difference between revisions
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==The authority to call for jihad as a means of inviting people to Islam is reserved solely for the Prophet and the infallible Imams== | ==The authority to call for jihad as a means of inviting people to Islam is reserved solely for the Prophet and the infallible Imams== | ||
Amid Zanjani discusses international law in Islam in the third volume of the series "Political Jurisprudence," while the topic of jihad is addressed in the fifth and sixth volumes. In the fifth chapter of the "Essentials of Political Jurisprudence," three subjects are summarized under three sections: Islamic international law, jurisprudential opinions regarding jihad, and the rulings on jihad. The first section outlines the development and codification of international law in Islam, the universal ideals of Islam, and the principles and rules of Islamic international law across five key areas. The second section elaborates on jihad within the jurisprudence of both Shia and Sunni scholars. Sunni jurists regard jihad as one of the significant acts of worship and obligations, without distinguishing between offensive and defensive jihad. They identify three specific circumstances under which jihad is required: | Amid Zanjani discusses international law in Islam in the third volume of the series "Political Jurisprudence," while the topic of jihad is addressed in the fifth and sixth volumes. In the fifth chapter of the "Essentials of Political Jurisprudence," three subjects are summarized under three sections: Islamic international law, jurisprudential opinions regarding jihad, and the rulings on jihad. The first section outlines the development and codification of international law in Islam, the universal ideals of Islam, and the principles and rules of Islamic international law across five key areas. The second section elaborates on jihad within the jurisprudence of both Shia and Sunni scholars. Sunni jurists regard jihad as one of the significant acts of worship and obligations, without distinguishing between offensive and defensive jihad. They identify three specific circumstances under which jihad is required: | ||
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# The meeting of two battle lines leading to the outbreak of war, | # The meeting of two battle lines leading to the outbreak of war, | ||
# The occupation of Islamic territory by the enemy, | # The occupation of Islamic territory by the enemy, | ||
# The declaration of jihad by the Imam. | # The declaration of jihad by the Imam. | ||
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On the other hand, Shia jurisprudence presents various classifications of jihad. For instance, Kashif al-Ghita categorizes it into five types: | On the other hand, Shia jurisprudence presents various classifications of jihad. For instance, Kashif al-Ghita categorizes it into five types: | ||
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# Safeguarding the existence of Islam from attacks, | # Safeguarding the existence of Islam from attacks, | ||
# Protecting the lives, property, and honor of Muslims, | # Protecting the lives, property, and honor of Muslims, | ||
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# Restoring Islamic governance in situations of non-Muslim dominance, | # Restoring Islamic governance in situations of non-Muslim dominance, | ||
# Inviting others to Islam. | # Inviting others to Islam. | ||
This Islamic jurist considers jihad for the invitation to Islam as a distinctive feature of the positions of prophethood and Imamate, which is not accessible to jurists. The regulations regarding jihad are discussed in the third and final section of this chapter, encompassing general rulings, responsibilities, prohibitions, and war crimes from a legal and jurisprudential perspective (pages 203 to 260). | This Islamic jurist considers jihad for the invitation to Islam as a distinctive feature of the positions of prophethood and Imamate, which is not accessible to jurists. | ||
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The regulations regarding jihad are discussed in the third and final section of this chapter, encompassing general rulings, responsibilities, prohibitions, and war crimes from a legal and jurisprudential perspective (pages 203 to 260). | |||
==The Islamic economic system as a subdivision of the political system == | ==The Islamic economic system as a subdivision of the political system == | ||
The Political Economy of Islam is the title of the fourth volume in the "Political Jurisprudence" series by Amid Zanjani. A summary of this volume is included in the sixth and final chapter of the "Essentials of Political Jurisprudence," titled "Economic Objectives in Political Jurisprudence." This chapter consists of six sections, beginning with economic issues in political jurisprudence and concluding with the role of justice in Islamic economics. The intermediate sections address wealth distribution, the financial resources of the Islamic state, and the concepts of both free and state-controlled economies, followed by a discussion on the methodology of political economy. At the outset, it is clarified that the term "Political Economy of Islam" refers to economic issues that fall within the political domain and the authority of the Islamic state. It is also noted that the Islamic economic system operates alongside other social, cultural, and military systems within Islam, all under the umbrella of the political system of Islam (Imamate and Wilayah). Consequently, one of the general policies of Islam regarding wealth distribution is poverty alleviation and ensuring the participation of the poor in the wealth of the affluent. Additionally, in terms of the financial resources of the Islamic state, besides Khums, Zakat, Anfal, and Kharaj, non-fixed taxes are also deemed permissible. Three jurisprudential methods are mentioned to legitimize taxation. | The Political Economy of Islam is the title of the fourth volume in the "Political Jurisprudence" series by Amid Zanjani. A summary of this volume is included in the sixth and final chapter of the "Essentials of Political Jurisprudence," titled "Economic Objectives in Political Jurisprudence." This chapter consists of six sections, beginning with economic issues in political jurisprudence and concluding with the role of justice in Islamic economics. The intermediate sections address wealth distribution, the financial resources of the Islamic state, and the concepts of both free and state-controlled economies, followed by a discussion on the methodology of political economy. At the outset, it is clarified that the term "Political Economy of Islam" refers to economic issues that fall within the political domain and the authority of the Islamic state. It is also noted that the Islamic economic system operates alongside other social, cultural, and military systems within Islam, all under the umbrella of the political system of Islam (Imamate and Wilayah). Consequently, one of the general policies of Islam regarding wealth distribution is poverty alleviation and ensuring the participation of the poor in the wealth of the affluent. Additionally, in terms of the financial resources of the Islamic state, besides Khums, Zakat, Anfal, and Kharaj, non-fixed taxes are also deemed permissible. Three jurisprudential methods are mentioned to legitimize taxation. | ||