Encyclopedia of Contemporary Jurisprudence

Jihad or Terrorism; A Theological and Juridical Study in the Imami School (book): Difference between revisions

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Citing verses and narrations, the authors have specified four general principles for jihad: 1. Jihad must be undertaken for the sake of obedience to God; 2. Jihad against aggressors is obligatory; 3. Muslims should not attack aggressors who have ceased their attack; 4. Fighting in times of peace is forbidden (pp. 145-147). The authors have considered full military and security preparedness as a necessity for Islamic countries (pp. 147-148).
Citing verses and narrations, the authors have specified four general principles for jihad: 1. Jihad must be undertaken for the sake of obedience to God; 2. Jihad against aggressors is obligatory; 3. Muslims should not attack aggressors who have ceased their attack; 4. Fighting in times of peace is forbidden (pp. 145-147). The authors have considered full military and security preparedness as a necessity for Islamic countries (pp. 147-148).


Jamshidi and Toosi, after mentioning the conditions for the obligation of [[offensive jihad]] (such as reason, free will, and permission from an Infallible or his deputy), have referred to the view of some jurists regarding the reduction of offensive jihad to [[defensive jihad]]. According to the theory of these jurists, if tyrants and non-believers prevent the spread of monotheism and justice, by rational judgment and based on God's perpetual grace to humans, offensive jihad is obligatory so that people may be freed from oppression and tyranny (pp. 191-193). This is while opponents of Islam describe such a jihad with titles like violence and terrorism (p. 194). The authors then mention the difference of opinion among jurists regarding whether offensive jihad is exclusive to the time of the presence of an Infallible Imam (pp. 198-199).
Jamshidi and Toosi, after mentioning the conditions for the obligation of offensive jihad (such as reason, free will, and permission from an Infallible or his deputy), have referred to the view of some jurists regarding the reduction of offensive jihad to defensive jihad. According to the theory of these jurists, if tyrants and non-believers prevent the spread of monotheism and justice, by rational judgment and based on God's perpetual grace to humans, offensive jihad is obligatory so that people may be freed from oppression and tyranny (pp. 191-193). This is while opponents of Islam describe such a jihad with titles like violence and terrorism (p. 194). The authors then mention the difference of opinion among jurists regarding whether offensive jihad is exclusive to the time of the presence of an Infallible Imam (pp. 198-199).


In the authors' view, in the Shia school of thought, the defensive nature of jihad is emphasized more (p. 188). According to them, defensive jihad does not require the permission of the Imam, and every individual must defend against aggression towards their life, property, honor, and land by foreigners (p. 191). Citing Quranic verses, Jamshidi and Toosi have stated seven objectives for defensive jihad, such as repelling the enemy, defending justice and Islam, and supporting Muslims and the downtrodden (pp. 200-202).
In the authors' view, in the Shia school of thought, the defensive nature of jihad is emphasized more (p. 188). According to them, defensive jihad does not require the permission of the Imam, and every individual must defend against aggression towards their life, property, honor, and land by foreigners (p. 191). Citing Quranic verses, Jamshidi and Toosi have stated seven objectives for defensive jihad, such as repelling the enemy, defending justice and Islam, and supporting Muslims and the downtrodden (pp. 200-202).
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In the remainder of the seventh chapter, Jamshidi and Toosi explain the difference between terrorist operations and the martyrdom-seeking operations of Muslims. According to them, in Imami jurisprudence, seven conditions have been set for martyrdom operations, including: the permission of the legitimate religious ruler, not killing innocents, and performing it with the intention of striking the enemy and repelling aggression. In their belief, if one of the seven conditions is missing, the act is considered a suicide attack and a form of forbidden suicide (pp. 225-228).
In the remainder of the seventh chapter, Jamshidi and Toosi explain the difference between terrorist operations and the martyrdom-seeking operations of Muslims. According to them, in Imami jurisprudence, seven conditions have been set for martyrdom operations, including: the permission of the legitimate religious ruler, not killing innocents, and performing it with the intention of striking the enemy and repelling aggression. In their belief, if one of the seven conditions is missing, the act is considered a suicide attack and a form of forbidden suicide (pp. 225-228).


[[Category:Bibliographical Articles]]
 
[[Category:Books on Political Fiqh in Persian]]
[[Category:Books on Political Fiqh in Persian]]
[[Category:Books by Mohammad Hossein Jamshidi]]
[[Category:Books by Mohammad Hossein Jamshidi]]
[[Category:Books by Kowsar toosi]]
[[Category:Books by Kowsar toosi]]
[[category:book review]]
[[Category:Bibliography Articles]]
[[fa: جهاد یا تروریسم؛ پژوهشی کلامی و فقهی در مکتب امامیه (کتاب)]]
[[fa: جهاد یا تروریسم؛ پژوهشی کلامی و فقهی در مکتب امامیه (کتاب)]]
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