Rights of Minorities (book): Difference between revisions
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* '''Abstract''' | * '''Abstract''' | ||
'''Rights of Minorities''' is the title of a book by [[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] in the field of [[Political Fiqh]], which examines the [[rights of religious minorities]] within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence and international law. By historically examining the status of minorities in different eras, the author explains the concept of contractual citizenship in Islam and introduces the dhimma contract as a pact for peaceful coexistence between Muslims and non-Muslims. | '''Rights of Minorities''' (in Persian: '''[[:fa:حقوق_اقلیتها_(کتاب)|حقوق اقلیتها]]''') is the title of a book by [[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] in the field of [[Political Fiqh]], which examines the [[rights of religious minorities]] within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence and international law. By historically examining the status of minorities in different eras, the author explains the concept of contractual citizenship in Islam and introduces the dhimma contract as a pact for peaceful coexistence between Muslims and non-Muslims. | ||
In this book, while emphasizing the principle of peace and the necessity of fulfilling covenants in Islam, the jurisprudential rulings of the dhimma contract, its pillars and conditions, and the obligations of the contracting parties are examined. Citing Islamic sources, the author shows that the dhimma contract is a type of bilateral pact with specific conditions, wherein minorities pay the jizya in exchange for services provided by the Islamic state (neither as punishment nor humiliation); services such as security of life, [[religious freedom]], and judicial independence. From a jurisprudential perspective, concluding this contract is solely within the authority of the legitimate religious ruler and is conditional upon observing Islamic standards, such as not violating sovereignty or promoting vice. | In this book, while emphasizing the principle of peace and the necessity of fulfilling covenants in Islam, the jurisprudential rulings of the dhimma contract, its pillars and conditions, and the obligations of the contracting parties are examined. Citing Islamic sources, the author shows that the dhimma contract is a type of bilateral pact with specific conditions, wherein minorities pay the jizya in exchange for services provided by the Islamic state (neither as punishment nor humiliation); services such as security of life, [[religious freedom]], and judicial independence. From a jurisprudential perspective, concluding this contract is solely within the authority of the legitimate religious ruler and is conditional upon observing Islamic standards, such as not violating sovereignty or promoting vice. | ||
==Structure of the Book== | ==Structure of the Book== | ||
The book "Rights of Minorities based on the law of the Dhimma Contract, a study of aspects of international law from the perspective of Islamic Fiqh," written by [[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]], is a work in the field of [[Political Fiqh]] in which the author examines the [[rights of religious minorities]] from a jurisprudential perspective. This work was first published by Sadr Library Publications in 1351 SH and later by the Office for the Publication of Islamic Culture. In the third printing by the second publisher in 1362 SH, selected rulings concerning the Ahl al-Dhimma from the book "Tahrir al-Wasilah" by [[Sayyid Ruhollah | The book "Rights of Minorities based on the law of the Dhimma Contract, a study of aspects of international law from the perspective of Islamic Fiqh," written by [[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]], is a work in the field of [[Political Fiqh]] in which the author examines the [[rights of religious minorities]] from a jurisprudential perspective. This work was first published by Sadr Library Publications in 1351 SH and later by the Office for the Publication of Islamic Culture. In the third printing by the second publisher in 1362 SH, selected rulings concerning the Ahl al-Dhimma from the book "Tahrir al-Wasilah" by [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini|Imam Khomeini]] were added to the end of the book. | ||
Amid Zanjani wrote the book *Rights of Minorities* to provide a jurisprudential explanation of the relations and interactions of the Dar al-Islam with non-Muslim nations and groups in both civil and international dimensions (page fourteen) and organized it into six chapters. The first chapter explains the concept and extent of protection for minorities in international positive law, and the second chapter details the rights of minorities within the framework of bilateral contracts and political and international treaties. The third through sixth chapters are dedicated, respectively, to the jurisprudential examination of the dhimma contract, the responsibilities of the parties, especially the financial obligation of jizya and [[taxation|kharaj]], the duties of the Islamic community towards its allies, and the termination and breach of the dhimma contract. | Amid Zanjani wrote the book *Rights of Minorities* to provide a jurisprudential explanation of the relations and interactions of the Dar al-Islam with non-Muslim nations and groups in both civil and international dimensions (page fourteen) and organized it into six chapters. The first chapter explains the concept and extent of protection for minorities in international positive law, and the second chapter details the rights of minorities within the framework of bilateral contracts and political and international treaties. The third through sixth chapters are dedicated, respectively, to the jurisprudential examination of the dhimma contract, the responsibilities of the parties, especially the financial obligation of jizya and [[taxation|kharaj]], the duties of the Islamic community towards its allies, and the termination and breach of the dhimma contract. | ||
===About the Author=== | ===About the Author=== | ||
[[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] (1316-1390 SH), the author of the book, was a mujtahid, jurist, university professor, and political science researcher. He studied in the seminaries of Qom and Najaf under masters such as [[Sayyid Hossein Borujerdi]], [[Sayyid Ruhollah | [[Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] (1316-1390 SH), the author of the book, was a mujtahid, jurist, university professor, and political science researcher. He studied in the seminaries of Qom and Najaf under masters such as [[Sayyid Hossein Borujerdi]], [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini|Sayyid Ruhollah Khomeini]], [[Sayyid Abul-Qasim al-Khoei]], and [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim]]. Most of his scholarly works are in the field of [[Political Fiqh]], and his most famous work is the ten-volume collection [[Political Fiqh (Book)|Political Fiqh]], which has been reprinted many times. He also had experience in the political arena as a representative in the Islamic Consultative Assembly and the [[Assembly of Experts]]. The books "[[Essentials of Political Fiqh (Book)|Essentials of Political Fiqh]]" and "[[An Introduction to Political Fiqh (Book)|An Introduction to Political Fiqh]]" are among his other works in the field of political fiqh. | ||
==Comparison of Minority Rights in Islamic and Non-Islamic Policies== | ==Comparison of Minority Rights in Islamic and Non-Islamic Policies== | ||
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# Breach of the dhimma contract by the committed minorities: According to the principle of the necessity of fulfilling the covenant, which is accepted by all nations and religions, the breach of the contract by the committed religious groups is also a crime and an unforgivable betrayal (p. 307). From the perspective of jurists, non-payment of the financial obligation of jizya, refusal to accept the judicial rulings of Islam, and armed rebellion against Muslims certainly entail the breach of the dhimma contract (p. 308). Also, the apostasy of the People of the Book is considered an indirect breach of the dhimma contract (p. 309), but other violations and crimes are not considered a breach of the dhimma pact, and only the prescribed punishments are enforced; violations such as assault on the honor or property of Muslims, espionage for the enemy, insulting the Prophet (a) and the infallible Imams (a), public display of forbidden acts and Islamic prohibitions, and building new temples (p. 308). | # Breach of the dhimma contract by the committed minorities: According to the principle of the necessity of fulfilling the covenant, which is accepted by all nations and religions, the breach of the contract by the committed religious groups is also a crime and an unforgivable betrayal (p. 307). From the perspective of jurists, non-payment of the financial obligation of jizya, refusal to accept the judicial rulings of Islam, and armed rebellion against Muslims certainly entail the breach of the dhimma contract (p. 308). Also, the apostasy of the People of the Book is considered an indirect breach of the dhimma contract (p. 309), but other violations and crimes are not considered a breach of the dhimma pact, and only the prescribed punishments are enforced; violations such as assault on the honor or property of Muslims, espionage for the enemy, insulting the Prophet (a) and the infallible Imams (a), public display of forbidden acts and Islamic prohibitions, and building new temples (p. 308). | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
[[Category:Books on Political Fiqh in Persian]] | [[Category:Books on Political Fiqh in Persian]] | ||
[[Category:Books by Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] | [[Category:Books by Abbasali Amid Zanjani]] | ||
[[ | [[Category:Bibliography Articles]] | ||
[[fa:حقوق اقلیتها (کتاب)]] | [[fa:حقوق اقلیتها (کتاب)]] | ||