Abortion

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'''Abortion''' is an ancient issue that has found new instances in the modern world. Today, the health and sickness or defect and perfection of a fetus can be identified, and we are aware of the dangers that carrying a fetus can pose to the mother. It is even possible to grow or maintain a fetus outside the mother's womb. Maintaining a fetus resulting from rape or an illicit relationship is also a matter that has been a subject of debate previously. Researchers in Islamic jurisprudence and law have given opinions on the abortion of a disabled fetus, an IVF fetus, a fetus that poses a mortal danger to the mother, and a fetus resulting from an illicit relationship, and significant research works have been written on this topic. According to the fatwas of several jurists, in cases of precise diagnosis of a fetal disease, or a conflict between preserving the fetus and preserving the mother, or the unbearable consequences of maintaining an illegitimate fetus, abortion is permissible based on the principle of prioritizing the more important over the important.

'''Abortion (in persian: [[:fa:سقط_جنین|سقط جنین]])''' is an ancient issue that has found new instances in the modern world. Today, the health and sickness or defect and perfection of a fetus can be identified, and we are aware of the dangers that carrying a fetus can pose to the mother. It is even possible to grow or maintain a fetus outside the mother's womb. Maintaining a fetus resulting from rape or an illicit relationship is also a matter that has been a subject of debate previously. Researchers in Islamic jurisprudence and law have given opinions on the abortion of a disabled fetus, an IVF fetus, a fetus that poses a mortal danger to the mother, and a fetus resulting from an illicit relationship, and significant research works have been written on this topic. According to the fatwas of several jurists, in cases of precise diagnosis of a fetal disease, or a conflict between preserving the fetus and preserving the mother, or the unbearable consequences of maintaining an illegitimate fetus, abortion is permissible based on the principle of prioritizing the more important over the important.

==Position and Importance of Abortion==

Human abortion has been a question and an affliction for society since the past. In Islam, intentional abortion is forbidden (*haram*), and Shia jurists have no disagreement on this ruling. Various situations of abortion, such as the parents' consent, direct action or causation in the abortion, and whether or not the soul has been ensouled, do not affect the aforementioned ruling. However, the population explosion, limited resources, women's rights and freedoms, human rights, interests of states, social welfare, and the high number of illegitimate or unwanted children are tangibly related to the issue of abortion. These kinds of issues and global statistics on abortion have doubled the importance of addressing this topic. The advancement of medical tools and the possibility of diagnosing fetal diseases brought forth the issue of preserving or aborting a defective fetus, and [[artificial insemination]] also presented jurists with the dilemma of aborting or maintaining a fetus developed in laboratory conditions.

Sayyid Abd al-A'la Sabzevari considered the general prohibitions on killing as the reason for the prohibition of abortion;<ref>Sabzevari, *Muhadhdhab al-Ahkam*, vol. 29, p. 112.</ref> for example, ~~verse~~ 151 ~~of Surah al-An'am~~: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right." From Naser Makarem Shirazi's perspective, this verse can be used for the prohibition of abortion only if the creation of the fetus is complete and the soul has been breathed into it, so that killing is applicable to it legally and customarily. Therefore, the stages before that are not included in the said verse.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Buhuth Fiqhiyyah Hammah*, p. 286.</ref> Also, narrations from the Infallible Imams, such as the reliable narration (*muwaththaqah*) of Ishaq ibn 'Ammar from Imam al-Kazim (a), which Shaykh al-Saduq has narrated in his book *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*.<ref>Al-Saduq, *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*, vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>

[[Sayyid Abd al-A'la Sabzevari]] considered the general prohibitions on killing as the reason for the prohibition of abortion;<ref>Sabzevari, *Muhadhdhab al-Ahkam*, vol. 29, p. 112.</ref> for example, Qurʾan 6:151: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right." From Naser Makarem Shirazi's perspective, this verse can be used for the prohibition of abortion only if the creation of the fetus is complete and the soul has been breathed into it, so that killing is applicable to it legally and customarily. Therefore, the stages before that are not included in the said verse.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Buhuth Fiqhiyyah Hammah*, p. 286.</ref> Also, narrations from the Infallible Imams, such as the reliable narration (*muwaththaqah*) of Ishaq ibn 'Ammar from Imam al-Kazim (a), which Shaykh al-Saduq has narrated in his book *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*.<ref>Al-Saduq, *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*, vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>

==Defective or Sick Fetus==

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-'''Abortion''' is an ancient issue that has found new instances in the modern world. Today, the health and sickness or defect and perfection of a fetus can be identified, and we are aware of the dangers that carrying a fetus can pose to the mother. It is even possible to grow or maintain a fetus outside the mother's womb. Maintaining a fetus resulting from rape or an illicit relationship is also a matter that has been a subject of debate previously. Researchers in Islamic jurisprudence and law have given opinions on the abortion of a disabled fetus, an IVF fetus, a fetus that poses a mortal danger to the mother, and a fetus resulting from an illicit relationship, and significant research works have been written on this topic. According to the fatwas of several jurists, in cases of precise diagnosis of a fetal disease, or a conflict between preserving the fetus and preserving the mother, or the unbearable consequences of maintaining an illegitimate fetus, abortion is permissible based on the principle of prioritizing the more important over the important.
+'''Abortion (in persian: [[:fa:سقط_جنین|سقط جنین]])''' is an ancient issue that has found new instances in the modern world. Today, the health and sickness or defect and perfection of a fetus can be identified, and we are aware of the dangers that carrying a fetus can pose to the mother. It is even possible to grow or maintain a fetus outside the mother's womb. Maintaining a fetus resulting from rape or an illicit relationship is also a matter that has been a subject of debate previously. Researchers in Islamic jurisprudence and law have given opinions on the abortion of a disabled fetus, an IVF fetus, a fetus that poses a mortal danger to the mother, and a fetus resulting from an illicit relationship, and significant research works have been written on this topic. According to the fatwas of several jurists, in cases of precise diagnosis of a fetal disease, or a conflict between preserving the fetus and preserving the mother, or the unbearable consequences of maintaining an illegitimate fetus, abortion is permissible based on the principle of prioritizing the more important over the important.
 ==Position and Importance of Abortion==
 Human abortion has been a question and an affliction for society since the past. In Islam, intentional abortion is forbidden (*haram*), and Shia jurists have no disagreement on this ruling. Various situations of abortion, such as the parents' consent, direct action or causation in the abortion, and whether or not the soul has been ensouled, do not affect the aforementioned ruling. However, the population explosion, limited resources, women's rights and freedoms, human rights, interests of states, social welfare, and the high number of illegitimate or unwanted children are tangibly related to the issue of abortion. These kinds of issues and global statistics on abortion have doubled the importance of addressing this topic. The advancement of medical tools and the possibility of diagnosing fetal diseases brought forth the issue of preserving or aborting a defective fetus, and [[artificial insemination]] also presented jurists with the dilemma of aborting or maintaining a fetus developed in laboratory conditions.
-Sayyid Abd al-A'la Sabzevari considered the general prohibitions on killing as the reason for the prohibition of abortion;<ref>Sabzevari, *Muhadhdhab al-Ahkam*, vol. 29, p. 112.</ref> for example, verse 151 of Surah al-An'am: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right." From Naser Makarem Shirazi's perspective, this verse can be used for the prohibition of abortion only if the creation of the fetus is complete and the soul has been breathed into it, so that killing is applicable to it legally and customarily. Therefore, the stages before that are not included in the said verse.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Buhuth Fiqhiyyah Hammah*, p. 286.</ref> Also, narrations from the Infallible Imams, such as the reliable narration (*muwaththaqah*) of Ishaq ibn 'Ammar from Imam al-Kazim (a), which Shaykh al-Saduq has narrated in his book *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*.<ref>Al-Saduq, *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*, vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>
+[[Sayyid Abd al-A'la Sabzevari]] considered the general prohibitions on killing as the reason for the prohibition of abortion;<ref>Sabzevari, *Muhadhdhab al-Ahkam*, vol. 29, p. 112.</ref> for example, Qurʾan 6:151: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right." From Naser Makarem Shirazi's perspective, this verse can be used for the prohibition of abortion only if the creation of the fetus is complete and the soul has been breathed into it, so that killing is applicable to it legally and customarily. Therefore, the stages before that are not included in the said verse.<ref>Makarem Shirazi, *Buhuth Fiqhiyyah Hammah*, p. 286.</ref> Also, narrations from the Infallible Imams, such as the reliable narration (*muwaththaqah*) of Ishaq ibn 'Ammar from Imam al-Kazim (a), which Shaykh al-Saduq has narrated in his book *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*.<ref>Al-Saduq, *Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih*, vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>
 ==Defective or Sick Fetus==

Abortion: Difference between revisions