Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani: Difference between revisions
Created page with " {{author |author = Mahdi Khosravi Sereshki |author2 = |author3 = |compiler = |editor1 = |editor2 = |editor3 = }} {{Infobox person | known_for = Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani | name = Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Madisa'i Isfahani | birth = 1284 AH / 1246 SH | death = 1365 AH / 1325 SH | image = Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | position = Absolute Marja' al-Taqlid | religion = Shia | nationality = Iran | field_of_expert..." |
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| teachers = [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]] and [[Habib Allah Rashti]] | | teachers = [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]] and [[Habib Allah Rashti]] | ||
| students = [[Sayyid | | students = [[Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi]], [[Sayyid Muhsin Tabataba'i Hakim]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Hadi Milani]], and [[Hashim Qazwini]] | ||
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Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani considers [[Riba|usury (riba)]] in [[Islamic banking|banking]] to be forbidden (haram), but deems the legitimacy of banking activities possible through Islamic contracts (Uqud Shar'iyya). He accepts [[Insurance|insurance]], in the absence of [[Rule of Gharar|uncertainty (gharar)]] and [[Rule of La Darar|harm (darar)]], under the contract of guarantee (Daman) or conciliation (Sulh). He considers paper money to lack intrinsic financial value (Maliyyat), viewing it merely as a representative of gold and silver. In [[Family jurisprudence|family jurisprudence]], Isfahani negates the [[Paternal guardianship over a virgin girl|guardianship of the father over a virgin girl]], but considers seeking his consultation as a matter of precaution, and he permits permanent marriage with the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab). He has opposed [[Tatbir|Tatbir (Qameh-Zani)]], [[Painting|painting human figures]], and [[Sleight of hand|sleight of hand (magic tricks)]]. | Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani considers [[Riba|usury (riba)]] in [[Islamic banking|banking]] to be forbidden (haram), but deems the legitimacy of banking activities possible through Islamic contracts (Uqud Shar'iyya). He accepts [[Insurance|insurance]], in the absence of [[Rule of Gharar|uncertainty (gharar)]] and [[Rule of La Darar|harm (darar)]], under the contract of guarantee (Daman) or conciliation (Sulh). He considers paper money to lack intrinsic financial value (Maliyyat), viewing it merely as a representative of gold and silver. In [[Family jurisprudence|family jurisprudence]], Isfahani negates the [[Paternal guardianship over a virgin girl|guardianship of the father over a virgin girl]], but considers seeking his consultation as a matter of precaution, and he permits permanent marriage with the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab). He has opposed [[Tatbir|Tatbir (Qameh-Zani)]], [[Painting|painting human figures]], and [[Sleight of hand|sleight of hand (magic tricks)]]. | ||
== Jurisprudential and Political Biography == | == Jurisprudential and Political Biography == | ||
Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Madisa'i Isfahani (born: 1246 SH in Madiseh, Isfahan - died: 1325 SH in Najaf) studied the introductory courses of the Islamic seminary in Isfahan and migrated to Najaf for advanced studies. He initially attended the classes of [[Habib Allah Rashti]] and, after his passing, participated in the classes of [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]], becoming one of his special students. Following the death of Akhund Khurasani, he took on the responsibility of teaching.<ref>Amin, A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 2, p. 332.</ref> Among his students, one can mention [[Sayyid | Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Madisa'i Isfahani (born: 1246 SH in Madiseh, Isfahan - died: 1325 SH in Najaf) studied the introductory courses of the Islamic seminary in Isfahan and migrated to Najaf for advanced studies. He initially attended the classes of [[Habib Allah Rashti]] and, after his passing, participated in the classes of [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]], becoming one of his special students. Following the death of Akhund Khurasani, he took on the responsibility of teaching.<ref>Amin, A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 2, p. 332.</ref> Among his students, one can mention [[Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi]], [[Sayyid Muhsin Tabataba'i Hakim]], [[Sayyid Muhammad Hadi Milani]], and [[Hashim Qazwini]].<ref>Sharif-Razi, Ganjineh-ye Daneshmandan, vol. 7, p. 155.</ref> | ||
Following the demise of [[Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Na'ini|Mirza Na'ini]] (d. 1355 AH), [[Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi|Ha'iri Yazdi]] (d. 1355 AH), and [[Aqa Diya' al-Din Iraqi|Aqa Diya' Iraqi]] (d. 1361 AH), Isfahani assumed the religious authority (Marja'iyya) of the Shia for ten years (1355-1365 AH) as the absolute and general Marja'.<ref>Riyahi, "Atabat va Naqsh-e Ta'thirgozar va Sazandeh-ye Marja'iyyat-e Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani", pp. 1 and 3.</ref> According to a historical analysis, after the Constitutional Revolution, only three individuals assumed the complete and general religious authority of the Shia: Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, [[Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi]], and [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini]].<ref>Amin, "Marja'iyyat va Siyasat", p. 8.</ref> Based on his recognition of the scientific and pious standing of Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi, Isfahani introduced him for religious authority and referred precautionary issues (Masa'il Ihtiyati) to him. This action was endorsed by religious scholars and the Shia community, paving the way for the public acceptance of Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi's religious authority.<ref>Jannati, Tatawwur-e Ijtihad dar Howzeh-ye Istanbat, vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | Following the demise of [[Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Na'ini|Mirza Na'ini]] (d. 1355 AH), [[Abd al-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi|Ha'iri Yazdi]] (d. 1355 AH), and [[Aqa Diya' al-Din Iraqi|Aqa Diya' Iraqi]] (d. 1361 AH), Isfahani assumed the religious authority (Marja'iyya) of the Shia for ten years (1355-1365 AH) as the absolute and general Marja'.<ref>Riyahi, "Atabat va Naqsh-e Ta'thirgozar va Sazandeh-ye Marja'iyyat-e Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani", pp. 1 and 3.</ref> According to a historical analysis, after the Constitutional Revolution, only three individuals assumed the complete and general religious authority of the Shia: Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, [[Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi]], and [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini]].<ref>Amin, "Marja'iyyat va Siyasat", p. 8.</ref> Based on his recognition of the scientific and pious standing of Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi, Isfahani introduced him for religious authority and referred precautionary issues (Masa'il Ihtiyati) to him. This action was endorsed by religious scholars and the Shia community, paving the way for the public acceptance of Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi's religious authority.<ref>Jannati, Tatawwur-e Ijtihad dar Howzeh-ye Istanbat, vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | ||
=== Involvement in Politics === | === Involvement in Politics === | ||