Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 02:39, 30 March 2026
| Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi |
| Age | 1301 AH (1262 SH) |
| Position | Marja' al-Taqlid |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Students | Sayyid Muhammad Hosseini Shahroudi |
Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi (born 1301 AH/1262 SH in Shahroud and deceased 1394 AH/1353 SH in Najaf) was one of the Shia Maraji' al-Taqlid (Authorities to be followed) in the fourteenth century AH. He was a student of Akhund Khorasani, Mirza al-Na'ini, and Aqa Diya' Iraqi. Following the death of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani (d. 1365 AH), a large portion of the Shia population followed him in Taqlid.[1]
During the period of Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi's leadership, specifically the first half of the fourteenth century SH, emerging issues (al-masa'il al-mustahdatha) such as radio, gramophones, modern music, usurious banking, photography and film, elections, the political situation in Iran and Iraq, and certain rulings related to the Hajj and the Ba'tha (Hajj delegation) arose and were addressed within the scope of his inquiries (istifta'at) and fatwas, as well as those of other Maraji' of that era. However, despite receiving dozens of inquiries daily and establishing a council of inquiry (Majlis al-Istifta') that addressed emerging issues,[2] his jurisprudential views and foundations have not been properly or completely recorded and published.
In his practical treatise (risalah 'amaliyyah), the rulings for many contemporary issues are not recorded, except for cases such as: the lack of guardianship (wilayah) of the father in the marriage of a mature virgin girl and the recommendation to seek permission from the father or paternal grandfather,[3] the permissibility of bank prizes,[4] and the makruhness (reprehensibility) of photography and painting of the face.[5] He also considers Maa al-Sha'ir (barley water)[6] and industrial alcohol to be pure (tahir) provided they are not intoxicants.[7]
Two books, the Glosses on the book "al-Urwat al-Wuthqa" and the Glosses on the book "Wasilat al-Najat," reflect his fatwas.[8] The books "Yanabi' al-Fiqh" concerning prayer (Salat) and "Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul," both authored by Sayyid Muhammad Ja'far Jaza'iri, are transcripts (taqrirat) of his advanced lessons (dars al-kharij).[9] A commemoration congress for Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi titled "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn" was held on July 8, 2021 (17 Tir 1400 SH) in Shahroud, where works introducing him were published.[10]
In the works written about him, alongside the mention of his scholarly efforts and his praised ethics and virtues, more attention has been paid to his social and political activities, such as providing livelihood and medical support in the Islamic seminaries[11] and the establishment of the first Hajj delegation (Ba'tha) of the Shia Marja'iyya since 1967 (1346 SH), which subsequently became a model for other Maraji' al-Taqlid.[12]
According to documents and research reports, Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi took stances on certain events during the struggles of the Islamic Movement of Iran in Najaf; such as opposition to the Provincial and District Councils Bill, condemning the Pahlavi regime's assault on the Feyziyeh School on March 22, 1963 (2 Farvardin 1342 SH), condemning the crimes of the Pahlavi regime on June 5, 1963 (15 Khordad 42), and taking a stand against the exile of Imam Khomeini.[13]
Footnotes
- ↑ Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 13, 31, and 42.
- ↑ Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 61.
- ↑ Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 380.
- ↑ Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 457.
- ↑ Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 458.
- ↑ Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 19.
- ↑ Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 18.
- ↑ Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 47; "Nujum-e Ummat 20," p. 70.
- ↑ Jaza'iri, Yanabi' al-Fiqh, introduction, p. 5; Hosseini Shahroudi, Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul, vol. 1, introduction, p. 8.
- ↑ See: "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".
- ↑ Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 94 and 95; "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".
- ↑ "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn," Ofogh-e Hawzah, p. 6.
- ↑ Qasempour, The Life and Struggles of Ayatollah al-Uzma Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi According to Documents, Tehran, 2009 (1388 SH), pp. 47, 62, 64, 72, and 86; "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn," p. 8.
Sources
- "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn: Special Issue for the Commemoration Congress of Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi," Ofoq-e Hawzah (Weekly), Monday, July 5, 2021 (14 Tir 1400).
- Ansarian Khansari, Muhammad Taqi, The Reviver of Arbaeen: Unpublished Memoirs and Documents about the Jurist Dhu al-Shahadatayn Ayatollah al-Uzma Haj Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi, Qom, Ansarian, 1400 SH/1443 AH.
- Bagheri, Muhammad Mahdi, History of the Life of the Late His Eminence Ayatollah al-Uzma, the Great Shia Marja' Mr. Haj Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi, Tehran, A'lami, 1376 SH.
- Hosseini Eshkevari, Sayyid Ahmad, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi: Al-Sayyid Mahmoud al-Husseini, Baghdad, Matba'at al-Bayan.
- Hosseini Shahroudi, Mahmoud, Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul, transcribed by Muhammad Ja'far Jaza'iri, Qom, Al-e Morteza, first edition, 7 volumes, 1385 SH.
- Hosseini Shahroudi, Mahmoud, Tawdih al-Masa'il, Tehran, Mo'assese-ye Matbu'ati-ye Eftekhaarian, 1348 SH/1390 AH.
- Jaza'iri, Muhammad Ja'far, Yanabi' al-Fiqh: Transcripts of the Lessons of the Teacher of Jurists Ayatollah al-Uzma al-Sayyid Mahmoud al-Husseini al-Shahroudi, Qom, Al-e Morteza, 1399 SH.
- "Nujum-e Ummat 20: The Late Ayatollah al-Uzma Sayyid Mahmoud Shahroudi," Noor-e Elm, no. 23, November 1987 (Aban 1366).
- Qasempour, Davood and Shahin Rezaei, The Life and Struggles of Ayatollah al-Uzma Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi According to Documents, Tehran, Center for Documents of the Islamic Revolution, 1388 SH.