Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani

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During the 1920 Iraqi Revolt, Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani issued a fatwa declaring the defense of the Abode of Islam (Dar al-Islam) obligatory, and opposed pledging allegiance to King Faisal I.<ref>Musawi and Hamidi, "Ayatollah Isfahani va Mashrutiyyat", pp. 50–54.</ref> Some researchers have considered Isfahani's fatwa on the prohibition of participating in the Iraqi parliamentary elections during the era of King Faisal, as well as his decree of jihad against the British Empire, to be a continuation of the path of the tobacco protest by [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]].<ref>Fathullahzadeh, "Bozorgmard-e Din va Siyasat", p. 127; Diya Hasan, Al-Marja'iyya al-'Amila, p. 40.</ref> The issuance of the fatwa boycotting the Hajj in 1322 SH (following the execution of an Iranian pilgrim in Mecca and the Shah of Iran's compliance with it),<ref>Qazi Askar, "Mazlumiyyat-e Peyrovan-e Ali ibn Abi Talib dar Kenar-e Khaneh-ye Khoda", p. 134.</ref> as well as granting permission to spend the Imam's Share (Sahm al-Imam) to purchase the magazine Al-Islam (This was the first time a Marja’ allowed spending the religious dues for the production of religious journals to counter the hostile actions of Reza Shah)<ref>Khamenei, [https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=10357 Statements in the meeting with seminary students, scholars, and professors of the Qom Islamic Seminary, 2010/10/21 | 13 Dhu al-Qa'da 1431].</ref>), have been regarded as other jurisprudential and political actions of his.<ref>Sadr Hashemi, Tarikh-e Jarayed va Majallat-e Iran, vol. 1, p. 243; Mohammadzadeh, Daneshnameh-ye Matbu'at-e Iran, vol. 1, p. 305, entry: Al-Islam.</ref>

=== Important Jurisprudential and Principled Works ===

The remaining works of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani encompass a collection of practical ~~treatises~~ (Risala Amaliyya) and fatwas, ~~transcriptions~~ (Taqrirat) ~~by his students~~, as well as independent books.<ref>Baqiri Bidhendi, "Nujum-e Ummat", p. 109.</ref> Among his most important works in jurisprudence (Fiqh) and ~~its principles (~~Usul), one can refer to [[Wasilat al-Najat (book)|Wasilat al-Najat]], Muntaha al-Wusul ila Ghawamid Kifayat al-Usul, and Zakhirat al-'Ibad. Wasilat al-Najat is his most famous and comprehensive jurisprudential work, structured in the style of [[Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa (book)|Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa]], and is an expansion of the treatise Zakhirat al-Salihin. Many jurists and religious authorities have written glosses (Hashiya) or commentaries on Wasilat al-Najat, or have structured their own jurisprudential books based on its arrangement, such as [[Tahrir al-Wasila (book)|Imam Khomeini's Tahrir al-Wasila]], which is considered one of the most important glosses and completers of this book. Zakhirat al-'Ibad li-Yawm al-Ma'ad dar Su'al va Jawab-e 'Ammat al-Balwa was the title of ~~the Persian-language practical treatise of several~~ Shia religious authorities; a book with this title was also published in accordance with the fatwas of Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, and certain mujtahids, such as [[Sayyid Mahmud Husayni Shahrudi]], [[Sayyid Ali Musawi Bihbihani]], and [[Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari]], wrote glosses on it.

The remaining works of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani encompass a collection of treatises of practical jurisprudence (Risala Amaliyya) and fatwas, his lectures adjusted by his students (Taqrirat), as well as independent books.<ref>Baqiri Bidhendi, "Nujum-e Ummat", p. 109.</ref> Among his most important works in jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Usul, one can refer to [[Wasilat al-Najat (book)|Wasilat al-Najat]], Muntaha al-Wusul ila Ghawamid Kifayat al-Usul, and Zakhirat al-'Ibad. Wasilat al-Najat is his most famous and comprehensive jurisprudential work, structured in the style of [[Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa (book)|Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa]], and is an expansion of the treatise Zakhirat al-Salihin. Many jurists and religious authorities have written glosses (Hashiya) or commentaries on Wasilat al-Najat, or have structured their own jurisprudential books based on its arrangement, such as [[Tahrir al-Wasila (book)|Imam Khomeini's Tahrir al-Wasila]], which is considered one of the most important glosses and completers of this book. Zakhirat al-'Ibad li-Yawm al-Ma'ad dar Su'al va Jawab-e 'Ammat al-Balwa, written in Persian-language, was the title of some Shia religious authorities' treatises of practical jurisprudence and a book with this title was also published in accordance with the fatwas of Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, and certain mujtahids, such as [[Sayyid Mahmud Husayni Shahrudi]], [[Sayyid Ali Musawi Bihbihani]], and [[Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari]], wrote glosses on it.

=== Works About Him ===

Regarding the character, life, and actions of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, in addition to articles, general and even fictional books<ref>Mashayekh, Neshasteh dar Dehliz.</ref> have been published. Examples include Shenakhtnameh-ye Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani (Encyclopedia of Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani), compiled by the Shia Bibliography Institute; Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Shokuh-e Marja'iyyat (Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: The Grandeur of Religious Authority), authored by Mohammad Asghari-Nejad; and Aqa Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Faqih va Rahbar-e Siyasi dar Dowreh-ye Qajar va Pahlavi-ye Avval (Aqa Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Jurist and Political Leader in the Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras), written by Zahra Taqavi. Most of these works are dedicated to his biography, moral characteristics, social and seminary services, and political actions, whereas less attention has been paid to his jurisprudential foundations in confronting modern issues.

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 During the 1920 Iraqi Revolt, Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani issued a fatwa declaring the defense of the Abode of Islam (Dar al-Islam) obligatory, and opposed pledging allegiance to King Faisal I.<ref>Musawi and Hamidi, "Ayatollah Isfahani va Mashrutiyyat", pp. 50–54.</ref> Some researchers have considered Isfahani's fatwa on the prohibition of participating in the Iraqi parliamentary elections during the era of King Faisal, as well as his decree of jihad against the British Empire, to be a continuation of the path of the tobacco protest by [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]].<ref>Fathullahzadeh, "Bozorgmard-e Din va Siyasat", p. 127; Diya Hasan, Al-Marja'iyya al-'Amila, p. 40.</ref> The issuance of the fatwa boycotting the Hajj in 1322 SH (following the execution of an Iranian pilgrim in Mecca and the Shah of Iran's compliance with it),<ref>Qazi Askar, "Mazlumiyyat-e Peyrovan-e Ali ibn Abi Talib dar Kenar-e Khaneh-ye Khoda", p. 134.</ref> as well as granting permission to spend the Imam's Share (Sahm al-Imam) to purchase the magazine Al-Islam (This was the first time a Marja’ allowed spending the religious dues for the production of religious journals to counter the hostile actions of Reza Shah)<ref>Khamenei, [https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=10357 Statements in the meeting with seminary students, scholars, and professors of the Qom Islamic Seminary, 2010/10/21 | 13 Dhu al-Qa'da 1431].</ref>), have been regarded as other jurisprudential and political actions of his.<ref>Sadr Hashemi, Tarikh-e Jarayed va Majallat-e Iran, vol. 1, p. 243; Mohammadzadeh, Daneshnameh-ye Matbu'at-e Iran, vol. 1, p. 305, entry: Al-Islam.</ref>
 === Important Jurisprudential and Principled Works ===
-The remaining works of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani encompass a collection of practical treatises (Risala Amaliyya) and fatwas, transcriptions (Taqrirat) by his students, as well as independent books.<ref>Baqiri Bidhendi, "Nujum-e Ummat", p. 109.</ref> Among his most important works in jurisprudence (Fiqh) and its principles (Usul), one can refer to [[Wasilat al-Najat (book)|Wasilat al-Najat]], Muntaha al-Wusul ila Ghawamid Kifayat al-Usul, and Zakhirat al-'Ibad. Wasilat al-Najat is his most famous and comprehensive jurisprudential work, structured in the style of [[Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa (book)|Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa]], and is an expansion of the treatise Zakhirat al-Salihin. Many jurists and religious authorities have written glosses (Hashiya) or commentaries on Wasilat al-Najat, or have structured their own jurisprudential books based on its arrangement, such as [[Tahrir al-Wasila (book)|Imam Khomeini's Tahrir al-Wasila]], which is considered one of the most important glosses and completers of this book. Zakhirat al-'Ibad li-Yawm al-Ma'ad dar Su'al va Jawab-e 'Ammat al-Balwa was the title of the Persian-language practical treatise of several Shia religious authorities; a book with this title was also published in accordance with the fatwas of Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, and certain mujtahids, such as [[Sayyid Mahmud Husayni Shahrudi]], [[Sayyid Ali Musawi Bihbihani]], and [[Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari]], wrote glosses on it.
+The remaining works of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani encompass a collection of treatises of practical jurisprudence (Risala Amaliyya) and fatwas, his lectures adjusted by his students (Taqrirat), as well as independent books.<ref>Baqiri Bidhendi, "Nujum-e Ummat", p. 109.</ref> Among his most important works in jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Usul, one can refer to [[Wasilat al-Najat (book)|Wasilat al-Najat]], Muntaha al-Wusul ila Ghawamid Kifayat al-Usul, and Zakhirat al-'Ibad. Wasilat al-Najat is his most famous and comprehensive jurisprudential work, structured in the style of [[Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa (book)|Al-Urwa al-Wuthqa]], and is an expansion of the treatise Zakhirat al-Salihin. Many jurists and religious authorities have written glosses (Hashiya) or commentaries on Wasilat al-Najat, or have structured their own jurisprudential books based on its arrangement, such as [[Tahrir al-Wasila (book)|Imam Khomeini's Tahrir al-Wasila]], which is considered one of the most important glosses and completers of this book. Zakhirat al-'Ibad li-Yawm al-Ma'ad dar Su'al va Jawab-e 'Ammat al-Balwa, written in Persian-language, was the title of some Shia religious authorities' treatises of practical jurisprudence and a book with this title was also published in accordance with the fatwas of Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, and certain mujtahids, such as [[Sayyid Mahmud Husayni Shahrudi]], [[Sayyid Ali Musawi Bihbihani]], and [[Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Khwansari]], wrote glosses on it.
 === Works About Him ===
 Regarding the character, life, and actions of Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani, in addition to articles, general and even fictional books<ref>Mashayekh, Neshasteh dar Dehliz.</ref> have been published. Examples include Shenakhtnameh-ye Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani (Encyclopedia of Ayatollah Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani), compiled by the Shia Bibliography Institute; Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Shokuh-e Marja'iyyat (Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: The Grandeur of Religious Authority), authored by Mohammad Asghari-Nejad; and Aqa Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Faqih va Rahbar-e Siyasi dar Dowreh-ye Qajar va Pahlavi-ye Avval (Aqa Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani: Jurist and Political Leader in the Qajar and First Pahlavi Eras), written by Zahra Taqavi. Most of these works are dedicated to his biography, moral characteristics, social and seminary services, and political actions, whereas less attention has been paid to his jurisprudential foundations in confronting modern issues.

Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani: Difference between revisions