Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi: Difference between revisions
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'''Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi''' (in Persian: [[:fa:سید_محمود_حسینی_شاهرودی|سید محمود حسینی شاهرودی]]) was one of the Shia religious authorities (Maraji' al-Taqlid) in the fourteenth century AH (twentieth century AD). He was a student of [[Akhund Khorasani]], [[Mirza Mohammad-Hossein Gharavi Na'ini]], and Aqa Diya' Iraqi. Following the death of [[Sayyid Abu al-Hasan | '''Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi''' (in Persian: [[:fa:سید_محمود_حسینی_شاهرودی|سید محمود حسینی شاهرودی]]) was one of the Shia religious authorities (Maraji' al-Taqlid) in the fourteenth century AH (twentieth century AD). He was a student of [[Akhund Khorasani]], [[Mirza Mohammad-Hossein Gharavi Na'ini]], and Aqa Diya' Iraqi. Following the death of [[Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musawi Isfahani|Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani]] (d. 1365 AH), lots of Shiite followed him in the jurisprudential issues (Taqlid).<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 13, 31, and 42.</ref> | ||
During the period of Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi's | During the period of Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi's authority, specifically the first half of the fourteenth century SH, emerging issues (al-masa'il al-mustahdatha) such as radio, gramophones, modern music, usurious banking, photography and film, elections, the political situation in Iran and Iraq, and certain rulings related to the Hajj and the ''Ba'tha'' (Hajj delegation) were brought up and were addressed in his fatwas and inquiries (istifta'at) of the followers, as well as those of other Maraji' of that era. However, despite receiving many inquiries daily and establishing a council of inquiries (Majlis al-Istifta') that addressed emerging issues,<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 61.</ref> his jurisprudential views and foundations have not been properly or completely recorded and published. | ||
His treatise of practical jurisprudence (risala 'amaliyya) does not report the edict of many contemporary issues, except for cases such as: the lack of father's guardianship (wilayah) in the [[Marriage of a mature virgin girl|marriage of a mature virgin girl]] and the recommendation to seek permission from the father or paternal grandfather,<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 380.</ref> the permissibility of [[bank prizes]],<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 457.</ref> and the makruhness (reprehensibility) of [[photography]] and [[painting human's face]].<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 458.</ref> He also considers [[non-alcoholic beer|Maa al-Sha'ir]] (barley water)<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 19.</ref> and [[industrial alcohol]] to be pure (tahir) provided they are not intoxicants.<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 18.</ref> | |||
Two books, the Glosses on the book "al-Urwat al-Wuthqa" and the Glosses on the book "Wasilat al-Najat," | Two books, the Glosses on the book "al-Urwat al-Wuthqa" and the Glosses on the book "Wasilat al-Najat," express his fatwas.<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 47; "Nujum-e Ummat 20," p. 70.</ref> The books "Yanabi' al-Fiqh" concerning prayer (Salat) and "Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul," are his advanced lectures adjusted (taqrir) and authored by Sayyid Muhammad Ja'far Jaza'iri.<ref>Jaza'iri, Yanabi' al-Fiqh, introduction, p. 5; Hosseini Shahroudi, Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul, vol. 1, introduction, p. 8.</ref> A commemoration congress for Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi titled "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn" was held on July 8, 2021 (17 Tir 1400 SH) in Shahroud, where some works were published to introduce him.<ref>See: "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".</ref> | ||
In the works written about him, alongside the mention of his scholarly efforts and his praised ethics and virtues, more attention has been paid to his social and political activities, such as providing livelihood and medical support in the Islamic seminaries<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 94 and 95; "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".</ref> and the establishment of the first Hajj delegation (Ba'tha) of the Shia Marja'iyya since 1967 (1346 SH), which subsequently became a model for other Maraji' al-Taqlid.<ref>"Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn," Ofogh-e Hawzah, p. 6.</ref> | In the works written about him, alongside the mention of his scholarly efforts and his praised ethics and virtues, more attention has been paid to his social and political activities, such as providing livelihood and medical support in the Islamic seminaries<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 94 and 95; "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".</ref> and the establishment of the first Hajj delegation (Ba'tha) of the Shia Marja'iyya since 1967 (1346 SH), which subsequently became a model for other Maraji' al-Taqlid.<ref>"Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn," Ofogh-e Hawzah, p. 6.</ref> | ||