Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi: Difference between revisions

'''Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi''' (born 1301 AH/1262 SH in Shahroud and deceased 1394 AH/1353 SH in Najaf) was one of the Shia Maraji' al-Taqlid (Authorities to be followed) in the fourteenth century AH. He was a student of [[Akhund Khorasani]], [[Muhammad Husayn Gharavi Na'ini|Mirza al-Na'ini]], and Aqa Diya' Iraqi. Following the death of [[Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Musavi Isfahani|Sayyid Abu al-Hasan Isfahani]] (d. 1365 AH), a large portion of the Shia population followed him in Taqlid.<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 13, 31, and 42.</ref>  

During the period of Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi's leadership, specifically the first half of the fourteenth century SH, emerging issues (al-masa'il al-mustahdatha) such as radio, gramophones, modern music, usurious banking, photography and film, elections, the political situation in Iran and Iraq, and certain rulings related to the Hajj and the ''Ba'tha'' (Hajj delegation) arose and were addressed within the scope of his inquiries (istifta'at) and fatwas, as well as those of other Maraji' of that era. However, despite receiving dozens of inquiries daily and establishing a council of inquiry (Majlis al-Istifta') that addressed emerging issues,<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 61.</ref> his jurisprudential views and foundations have not been properly or completely recorded and published.

In his practical treatise (risalah 'amaliyyah), the rulings for many contemporary issues are not recorded, except for cases such as: the lack of guardianship (wilayah) of the father in the [[Marriage of a mature virgin girl|marriage of a mature virgin girl]] and the recommendation to seek permission from the father or paternal grandfather,<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 380.</ref> the permissibility of [[bank prizes]],<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 457.</ref> and the makruhness (reprehensibility) of [[photography]] and [[painting of the face]].<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 458.</ref> He also considers [[non-alcoholic beer|Maa al-Sha'ir]] (barley water)<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 19.</ref> and [[industrial alcohol]] to be pure (tahir) provided they are not intoxicants.<ref>Hosseini Shahroudi, Tawdih al-Masa'il, p. 18.</ref>

Two books, the Glosses on the book "al-Urwat al-Wuthqa" and the Glosses on the book "Wasilat al-Najat," reflect his fatwas.<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, p. 47; "Nujum-e Ummat 20," p. 70.</ref> The books "Yanabi' al-Fiqh" concerning prayer (Salat) and "Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul," both authored by Sayyid Muhammad Ja'far Jaza'iri, are transcripts (taqrirat) of his advanced lessons (dars al-kharij).<ref>Jaza'iri, Yanabi' al-Fiqh, introduction, p. 5; Hosseini Shahroudi, Nata'ij al-Afkar fi al-Usul, vol. 1, introduction, p. 8.</ref> A commemoration congress for Sayyid Mahmoud Hosseini Shahroudi titled "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn" was held on July 8, 2021 (17 Tir 1400 SH) in Shahroud, where works introducing him were published.<ref>See: "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".</ref>  

In the works written about him, alongside the mention of his scholarly efforts and his praised ethics and virtues, more attention has been paid to his social and political activities, such as providing livelihood and medical support in the Islamic seminaries<ref>Hosseini Ashkevari, Al-Imam al-Shahroudi, pp. 94 and 95; "Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn".</ref> and the establishment of the first Hajj delegation (Ba'tha) of the Shia Marja'iyya since 1967 (1346 SH), which subsequently became a model for other Maraji' al-Taqlid.<ref>"Alam Dhu al-Shahadatayn," Ofogh-e Hawzah, p. 6.</ref>  

== Sources ==